Health news

Acute Urticaria

Acute urticaria is a common condition, caused by multiple factors, characterized by a sudden eruption, consisting of erythemato-oedematous papules and boards, fugitive and mobile, itchy, persisting less than 6 weeks. Urticaria is the most common skin condition treated in hospital emergency services in the world.
It is estimated that 15-25% of the population will, at some point, at least one episode of hives.

Terms explanation:

Acute Urticaria
Hives with a duration of 6 weeks of evolution.
Chronic Urticaria
Hives with a duration of evolution over 6 weeks.
Physical Urticaria
particular form of hives triggered by physical agents (cold, heat, UV, water, pressure, vibration, exercise, etc.).
Urticaria vasculitis
particular form of urticaria in which the lesions are papules and tangible fixed purple, persisting over 24 hours.
Contact Urticaria
Urticaria appears as a cutaneous contact allergic reaction to a particular substance.
Angioedema (Quincke edema sin.)
edema affecting the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
Anaphylactic shock
worst manifestation of an allergic reaction, characterized clinically by urticaria, angioedema, respiratory failure and cardio-vascular.
Dermographism
erythemato-oedematous appearance of lesions at the skin friction with a hard object.
Pruritus
particular sensation, skin organ specific, urgent need to determine the scratching.
Edema
seroalbuminos abundant accumulation of fluid in intercellular tissue due to various causes.
Rash
reddening of the skin, diffuse or localized, produced by congestion of capillaries and that disappears the moment due to compression.

Heart murmur - 2

Innocent heart murmurs have the following characteristics:

occur frequently in children (prevalence 50-75%);
usually systolic;
have mild 1 / 6 - 3 / 6;
are inconsistent;
can play in several areas of heart;
can be heard in the supine position, not sitting or standing;
fever usually occur after exercise, accompanying anxiety.
Innocent heart murmurs do not require further investigation.

Pathological heart murmurs have the following characteristics:

are rough;
may occupy the entire systole;
have high intensity;
to accompany the ripple;
patient may be symptomatic;
heart sounds are modified;
occur in some heart diseases: mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis and insufficiency, and pulmonary stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, etc..
If the heart murmur is pathological need further investigations: ECG, chest x-ray, cardiology consultation, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization.

How to treat heart murmurs?

Innocent heart murmurs require no treatment.

Pathological murmurs will be monitored during regular medical exams and depending on the cause that produced them will be medical or surgical treatment.

Mitral valve prolapse is a disease prevalence of approximately 5% in the population. It is a defect in the mitral valve sealing. The patient may be asymptomatic, may have pain or heart palpitations. On auscultation is found click mezosistolic, telesistolic breath, a sound hard. Treatment consists of surveillance and eventually taking beta-blockers.

All patients with valvular heart disease will receive a short antibiotic treatment when performing invasive maneuvers (dental care, surgery, catheterization, etc.). To prevent an infection in the valves and the development of acute and subacute endocarditis.

Heart murmur

The heart is composed of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. Blood is brought to the heart through vessels called veins sisem open atrium and is transported to the heart and lungs to the tissues by means of another system of vessels called arteries.

At the heart movement is unidirectional: the veins - the atria - ventricles - artery, both contributing to the pressure difference existing in the moment of crossing the blood, and a tight system of valves that open to allow blood flow and close after its passing. On auscultation of the heart are normally hear two heart sounds: noise 1 and noise 2. Between them is a short break (systole) and a long break (diastole). Blood flow to the heart is lamellar.

In case of a turbulent flow occurring cardiac murmurs. Heart murmurs may be organic and functional organafunctionale.

Organic heart murmurs imply the existence of lesions (congenital or acquired) in the valve system.
Organafunctionale heart murmurs are caused by dilation of the heart cavity or valve apparatus in certain heart diseases (heart failure, hypertension).
Functional heart murmurs are due to factors that increase the speed Extracardiac blood flow to the heart (anemia, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism).
How to investigate heart murmurs?

Very often, the heart murmur is discovered by a doctor at a typical clinical examination. Sometimes the patient to the doctor for certain signs and symptoms such as cyanosis (bluish discoloration of lips and extremities), dyspnea (difficult breathing), abnormal heart rhythms (palpitations), syncope (briefly loss of consciousness), angina (heart pain), heart failure (edema, ascites, hepatomegaly).

From the beginning you must determine if heart murmur is pathological or nepatologic (innocent).

Tips for cardiac

Tips for people with heart disease:

Avoid excessive heat or cold, your blood vessels are subject to the laws of physics, with constriction and dilation of their hemodynamic and clinical consequences (cold can increase blood pressure (BP) or trigger for angina, and excessive heat can cause hypotension by vasodilation, decreased blood perfusion to vital organs with dizziness and even loss of consciousness, seizures, angina, decreased urine output);
Avoid excessive physical effort;
limit intake of salt (sodium) - attention and food preservatives, mineral water - read labels and choose those with them as low in sodium content;
Reduce intake of animal fat (cholesterol): beef fat, lard, bacon, chicken skin, egg yolks, butter, cream, prefer chicken, turkey, fish, oil and margarine, low-fat dairy products;
drink enough fluids, at least 2 liters daily (summer - more, especially during hot weather);
go to your doctor regularly, not only when you feel good;
strictly follow the recommended treatment, the dose and time of drug administration, do not stop abruptly (may even be dangerous, you risk a worsening or occurrence of complications, eg myocardial infarction) or go to the doctor when harvesting analysis, take your medicines recommended treatment schedule, so your doctor may change the dose without the need, sometimes with unpleasant consequences (hypotension, dizziness, falls);
if you follow a monthly INR control with chronic anticoagulation therapy / prothrombin concentration.

Prevention of diarrheal diseases in Travel

Our Centre aims to promote proper behavior conduct - recommending measures to be taken to keep ourselves healthy, at any time.
The information that follows is for those who travel and include rules to prevent diarrheal diseases caused by pathogens present in food.

Measures to prevent diarrheal diseases in the journey to be taken before departure:

consult your doctor about the risks of illness, the necessary vaccines or other prophylactic measures required
make sure that your medical kit contains oral rehydration salts
The main food precautions to prevent diarrheal diseases in Travel:

Recommendations are applicable in all situations, from eating food bought from vendors, to those in a fancy restaurant.

Cooked foods stored at room temperature for several hours is one of the main causes of food-borne diseases. Watch that food is thoroughly cooked and be warm when you get them.
Avoid raw foods, except fruits and vegetables that can be washed or peeled. Avoid fruits whose skin is adherent. Watchword is: "Boil and peel, if not, throw!"
Ice, whose origin is not safe can often be contaminated and cause illness. So if in doubt, do not eat.
In many countries, certain species of seafood and fish can contain biotoxins, even if they were well cooked. People in these countries can be consulted on this matter.
Unpasteurized milk should be well cooked.
In case of doubt on potabilitatii water - boil it and eat it or drink bottled water after cooling.
Avoid ice unless you use them in preparing safe drinking water.
Tea, hot coffee, carbonated drinks, wine, beer or bottled fruit juices can generally be eaten without risk.
What we do in case of diarrhea:

Most crisis develops diarrhea for itself within a few days to heal. The point is to avoid dehydration.
At the onset of diarrhea, make sure the absorption of fluids - water boiled, bottled, treated or weak tea. Can be managed and fruit juices (diluted with drinking water) or soups. If diarrhea persists, prepare and drink a rehydration salts solution and continue to be fed normally.

Necessary liquids or oral rehydration salts:

Children under 2 years: 1 / 4 - 1 / 2 measure (50-100 ml) after each soft stool
from 2-10 years: 1 / 2 - 1 scoop (100-200 ml) after each soft stool
over 12 years: unlimited quantities
Consult a doctor if diarrhea lasts more than three days and / or if the stools are very frequent or contains blood, also in case of repeated vomiting or fever.

Other recommendations for the prevention of diarrheal diseases in Travel:

If no doctor is available and if there is blood in the stools, can follow a course of cotrimoxaxol / antibiotic as recommended by previous medical trip.

The use of antibiotics prophylactically is not recommended. No antidiareicele not recommended, but may be administered only to adults and completion fluids to suppress symptoms. They can not be given to children.
For other symptoms, consult a physician.

General Massage - Reflexology

General Massage

Swedish massage is a manual process of soft tissue and muscles in order to obtain beneficial therapeutic and relaxing the body, long term or even instant results - relaxation, a faster elimination of physical or mental fatigue.

Depending on the type of massage - massage massage generally or partially, by the maneuvers used - batteries, fights, smoothing, etc.., Different effects: stimulating, relaxing.

Massage stimulates the metabolism by direct mechanical action on the muscles or, if reflex massage, indirectly through the nervous system. Along with exercise, massage is a way of disposing of residual products from the body.

Massage the muscles in athletes, the dynamic people conducted before training prepares them for their effort and the training conducted by relieving fatigue and contribute to a fast recovery.

Massage also has an aesthetic role, maintaining and restoring skin elasticity, thus favoring body movements, tone and developing the strength of what are meant to protect tissues and organs.

By activating blood circulation to the skin there is an increase in metabolic waste removal and to mobilize the reserves of fat that is deposited in the subcutaneous tissue layers, evenly or randomly on other parts of the body.
Through massage to eliminate the appearance of "orange peel" characteristic of cellulite, and resorption by decreasing fat deposits in tissues.

Massage generally leads to a feeling of well being, a feeling of relaxation, which is why relaxation is indicated for the treatment of fatigue and stress, insomnia, chronic fatigue, occasional constipation.

Reflexology

Reflexology is a very good method of prevention and treatment of disorders or diseases.
The extremities of the body - feet, hands, nose, ears - are nerve endings and reflex areas of the body organs. Reflexology techniques are based on principles similar to acupuncture and acupressure - to stimulate reflex points. The reflex can remove toxins from the body and unblock energy flow in the body.

Massaging certain points on the feet - plantar reflexology - foot and therapeutic purposes is an ancient practice, whose origins are lost in antiquity.
Massage feet - plantar reflexology - is used today in many Western countries for therapeutic purposes.

Massage the reflex points a few minutes until the disappearance of local pain and grit under the skin. These exercises improve blood circulation and lymphatic obtaining, by reflex, even normalize body function which corresponds to point massaged.

It is beneficial to a 2-3 week sessions of reflexology and massage while drinking 500 ml. of water or tea.

Acute disease of the digestive tract

Acute illness of the digestive tract are common in the summer. This happens mainly because of the ease with which multiply and spread infectious agents are known to infect the digestive system in high temperature conditions.

Acute enterocolitis intestine are impaired by the action of various microorganisms:

bacteria - such as various types of Shigella (the infectious agent of acute bacterial dysentery), salmonella (the causative agent of typhoid fever), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus;
viruses - rotaviruses, enteroviruses etc.
mushrooms - candidioza (rather during other debilitating diseases or following prolonged antibiotic treatment for other diseases, than as an independent infectious disease);
parasites - hystoliticum Entamoeba, Giardia lamblia, etc..
Common manifestations of acute gastrointestinal infections are diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal tenesmele. When accompanied by irritation of the stomach and duodenal bulb, the full name is the gastro-enterocolitis and acute nausea and vomiting also occurs. Sometimes, acute digestive disorders occur during holiday trips without being necessarily related to an infection. They may be due to changes in diet (consumption of specific foods and dishes that travel in the area, the body is not familiar, some new or excessive spices, foods too hot or too cold), different characteristics of drinking water lifestyle change in general (tables at different times of the ordinary or totally irregular, "feasts" repeated alcohol in large amounts).

What can we do to avoid these troubles?

Besides real discomfort caused by digestive symptoms, severity of these disorders is the general echo on the body. Dehydration due to frequent seats, vomiting and inability to continue to supply leading to altered general condition, progressive, in extreme cases to collapse. Once the water is lost by the same mechanisms and minerals essential to normal body function. For this reason supine position is the cornerstone in the treatment of acute gastrointestinal disease.

How to avoid these troubles?

First, respecting the very strict rules of elementary hygiene: hands, utensils, food, all should be well washed with clean water, soap or detergent, then rinse. Where hygiene conditions are poor, is to avoid eating foods raw heat. Thus Avoid fruits, salads of raw vegetables, fresh raw vegetables. Also, drinking water must be bottled or consumed after being boiled for several minutes and then cooled. It is preferable if possible keep a regular schedule of meals, avoid abuse of any kind.

What to do if still in full holiday neplacutele events occur?

First is to refute dehydration by consuming large amounts of liquid (mint tea, rice water, carrot soup, or even boiled and cooled water) you can add rehydration salts that are found in bags in pharmacies dose . It becomes necessary to establish a diet avoiding cruditatilor, food that usually ferment or produce flatulence and sausages, fatty meats, carbonated beverages. You can eat, as far as tolerance, tea, vegetable soups, cooked rice, cheese, meat or chicken cooked on the grill.

Most times gastroenterocolitele are acute self-limited disease that remits spontaneously once the case had caused them. If manifestations are severe, have occurred in very young children (babies), if not inferior, it is necessary to call a doctor who will determine the appropriate behavior.

Catarrh - acute rhinitis

Ordinary acute rhinitis, also called catarrh, coryza, or is an acute inflammation of nasal catarrhal type. Are etiologic agents of viral nature. Transmission is through direct contact and airborne: infection remains localized in the nasal-pharyngeal mucosa and the cellular damage occurring viral multiplication which favor bacterial superinfection.

Predisposing factors for respiratory illness (acute rhinitis) are: cold, air pollution exposure in crowded environments, nasal obstruction, physical and mental fatigue, alcoholism, smoking, malnutrition. Thanks to many viral serotypes and the fact that immunity is weak and short-term, often occur reimbolnavirile.

Runny noses (acute rhinitis) begins with malaise, feeling cold, fatigue, headache, anorexia, nasal dryness and epifaringelui, nasal itching, sneezing, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea serosal subsequently appear, tearing, hipoosemie sometimes deafness and epistaxis.

During the state appears mucopurulent rhinorrhea and attenuates subjective signs. Objective is clear nasal congestion and hypertrophy with the presence of the floor abundant nasal secretions. Evolution is usually towards healing in 9-12 days. Rare complications can occur ear, sinus, eye (conjunctivitis), throat, tracheo.

Treatment of cold preparations (acute rhinitis) include:

restore the permeability of nasal and nasal toilet decongestivelor nasal administration: instilatii, pulverizatii, inhalations, aerosols;
symptomatic medications: shield, antitussive, anti-inflammatory, vitamins, antihistamines, antibiotics to prevent bacterial superinfection;
prophylactic: preventive measures collective: hygiene and vaccination individual: factors favoring removal, treatment of nasal obstruction, avoiding burnout, calorie-balanced diet.

Acute enterocolitis - 2

What can we do when we get sick?

Prevention enterocolitis is possible by observing rules of individual hygiene: wash your hands with soap and water before any meal, efficient washing of food that is consumed raw heat, cleaning and disinfecting cutlery, dishes, using only water from safe sources, uncontaminated and when this is not possible, boiled and cooled water or bottled mineral water properly.

What to do if illness occurred? Do not always treat the cause, namely the eradication of the infectious agent with antibiotics is indicated. Diarrhea caused by viruses do not respond to antibiotic treatments. In addition, the irrational use of antibiotics leads to disruption of normal intestinal flora and to determine the selection of pathogenic microbial strains resistant to antibiotics. On the forefront of the treatment of enterocolitis is correct fluid and electrolyte loss. This is accomplished by drinking fluids - unsweetened tea, mineral water (charge), lemon rice, carrot soup. Utila is the addition of rehydration salts that are found in pharmacies, in envelopes with proper dosage. To relieve abdominal pain antispasmodics may be used (only on medical advice), application of heat to the abdomen. Vomiting may be fought with medicines such Emetiral, Torecan, metoclopramide, but only at the doctor and proper dosage. Most times, with a proper diet, enterocolitis heal within a few days. The diet is based on boiled rice, cottage cheese, grated apple, strained vegetable soup, boiled meat. Excludes raw fruits and vegetables, dairy and fried foods. Scheme should be kept 2 to 3 days after symptoms disappear.

Warning! Antibiotics are made only at the doctor

Antibiotics are used in some cases of enterocolitis bacterial dysentery bacteria, Salmonella gastroenteritis, the risk of bacteremia and extraintestinal locations, forms that do not respond to diet and medication symptomatic recurrent forms, enterocolitis in infants with positive coprocultures. Also recommended are the children of the communities enterocolitis, enterocolitis of staff increased epidemiological risk sectors with persistent fever and enterocolitis. Antibiotics are only medical indication. Antibiotics recommended daily dose, duration of treatment varies depending on the etiology of enterocolitis, disease severity, patient's age. In traveler's diarrhea can use Doxycycline (tetracyclines) 100 mg / day or cotrimoxazole (Biseptol) 2 tablets two times daily.

Acute enterocolitis with changes of general state, than to be hospitalized with dehydration and electrolyte rebalancing and fast in order to prevent complications. The hospitalized enterocolitis occurs in people who work in areas at risk to cause epidemics (food industry, trade, food, catering, distribution). Much attention should be given enterocolitis for infants and small children, because they dehydrate more easily, making it prone to severe forms of disease.

Ese acute enterocolitis a disease that can be largely prevented with proper hygiene compliance. Acute enterocolitis is generally a self-limited evolution in time, the diet rich in digestive fluids and protection, as the keystone in uncomplicated forms remission.

Acute enterocolitis

Enterocolitis is a disease of the digestive tract infections caused by various bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites. Enterocolitis are common manifestations of the release of numerous chairs, soft, or not accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, chills, altered general state. The events are given either general release infectious agent or its toxins throughout the body, or - most frequently - the significant losses of water and minerals, as a consequence of diarrhea and vomiting.

Among the etiologic agents of acute enterocolitis recalled are:

bacteria - Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, etc..
viruses - enteroviruses, rotaviruses, Norwalk virus, adenovirusuri
fungi - candida, especially in immunosuppressed patients or who have previously received prolonged treatment with antibiotics
parasites - Giardia lamblia (with high frequency of infestation among the population, but not always with clinical manifestations), Balantidium coli, Blastocystis homnis, Cryptosporidium (diarrhea occurs in people with immunosuppression), Entamoeba histolytica (dysentery produces amibiana, found in tropical areas)
The penetration of infectious agents in the body is made orally, through water, food or dirty hands, contaminated. Some vectors (flies, cockroaches, rodents, etc..) Microorganisms can convey and spread over a large distance. Therefore it may be sick in a certain moment all those who have consumed some contaminated food or water from a contaminated source, and those who came in direct contact with them does not observe basic hygiene RULE.

Enterocolitis is always a current medical problem

Summer-fall season is associated with maximum frequency of cases of enterocolitis, but there are infectious agents involved in the illness occurring mostly in winter (Norwalk virus, rotaviruses). Also, the spread of gastrointestinal infection is favored by economic and social factors (the level of sanitation, poor water supply, poor hygiene of individual and collective).

A special case is the acute enterocolitis occurred in people who travel to endemic areas are not required for gastrointestinal infections (so-called "traveler's diarrhea"). They usually become infected by ingestion of food (vegetables, fruits) or contaminated water. Diarrhea in this case may be due to changes in diet, consumption of specific foods area, spices. The microorganisms most frequently involved in enterocolitis tourists are: E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, rotaviruses, staphylococcus enterotoxici, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica. In 20-30% of cases, the trigger remains unidentified infectious agent. Due to the multitude of microorganisms that cause and the possibilities of spreading, acute enterocolitis is always a current medical problem.